Bipedal Procoptodon goliah
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All on Mon Feb 20 06:05:41 2023
Procoptodon goliah walked/ran bipedally & with alternating legs, but not like us. Early Hominoidea (“apes”) became bipedal (BP) when they adapted to living in swamp forests (probably mostly coastal forests) where they waded upright (flat feet!) +
climbed arms overhead in the branches above the swamp. This locomotion is called (google) “aquarboreal” (aqua=water, arbor=tree), and all ape locomotions are easily derivable from ancestral aquarborealism: gibbon & siamang brachiation & bipedally
walking over branches, orangutan fist-walking (Pongo) & chimp+bonobo & gorilla (in parallel!) knuckle-walking (Pan & Gorilla).
Although there are a lot of fossil relatives of Pongo (e.g. most or all sivapiths), it’s curiously often assumed that there were virtually no African ape fossils, and that the australopiths (BP!) were human ancestors or at least relatives. This is
wrong, of course: all homioids had BP ancestors. Detailed comparisons show that E-African apiths (e.g. Lucy) resemble Gorilla>Pan>Homo, and S-African apiths resemble Pan more than Homo or Gorilla. Conclusion: apiths have nothing to do with human
evolution s.s., but are fossil relatives of African apes. Apparently, Plio-Pleistocene Homo lived mostly along the Indian Ocean, see the seashell engravings at Java (google “Joordens Munro”) & google e.g. “coastal dispersal Pleistocene Homo”.
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