• Handedness may have arose after the panin-hominin split

    From Primum Sapienti@21:1/5 to All on Tue Apr 1 23:03:47 2025
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.70018
    Enthesis Size and Hand Preference: Asymmetry in
    Humans Contrasts With Symmetry in Nonhuman Primates

    Abstract
    Objectives
    Humans display species-wide right-hand preference
    across tasks, but this pattern has not been
    observed at comparable levels in nonhuman primates,
    suggesting the behavior arose after the
    panin-hominin split. Muscle attachment sites
    (entheses) are used to infer soft tissue anatomy
    and reconstruct behaviors within skeletal
    populations, but whether entheseal size asymmetry
    can reflect hand preference remains unclear. If
    entheseal asymmetry is linked to hand preference,
    we expect to see greater asymmetry in human hands,
    where hand preference is more pronounced, compared
    to nonhuman primates. We tested for bilateral
    asymmetry in the size of the opponens pollicis
    muscle flange using a sample of humans and
    catarrhine primates to determine if enthesis
    development can be a reliable indicator of hand
    preference.
    ...
    Results
    We found right-directional asymmetry for humans;
    no significant differences are observed for
    Hylobates, Macaca, and Gorilla.

    Conclusion
    The opponens pollicis enthesis shows right/left
    hand bias in humans. The lack of significant
    asymmetry in nonhuman primates suggests
    entheseal development in these species does not
    reflect the same level of hand preference
    observed in humans. Nonhuman primates can serve
    as a baseline for studying enthesis asymmetry
    based on the size of the opponens pollicis
    enthesis.

    "Conversely, other primates do not exhibit
    species-level, or even population-level,
    handedness in wild populations, and only a weak
    bias (approximately 65%) in some captive
    populations (Hopkins et al. 2011), suggesting
    the species-level right-hand preference in
    humans arose after the panin-hominin split
    (Stephens et al. 2016). Lateralized hand use
    in humans has been linked to important
    evolutionary milestones, including the advent
    of stone tool use and manufacture and the role
    that possible visuo-cognitive functional
    asymmetries played in the rise of manual
    dexterity within the hominin lineage
    (Williams-Hatala et al. 2016; Stephens
    et al. 2016)."

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