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  • explorator 25.17 (1/2)

    From david meadows@21:1/5 to All on Sun Aug 14 09:22:25 2022
    ===========================================================
    explorator 25.17 August 14, 2022
    ===========================================================
    You can read explorator online at:

    https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/


    Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis,
    John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley,
    Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay,
    Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week
    (as always hoping I have left no one out).

    ============================================================
    EARLY HOMINIDS
    ============================================================
    Pondering whether Neanderthals made art:

    https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/did-neanderthals-make-art/

    Something about homo sapiens' lack of 'vocal lips' contributing to the development of speech:

    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/11/science/language-humans-primates.html

    More on comparing Neanderthal and sapiens brain development:

    https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/neanderthal-human-brain-development/ ============================================================
    AFRICA
    ============================================================
    Feature on the Warrior Women of Dahomey:

    https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/dora-milaje-dahomey-warriors-amazons ============================================================
    ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================
    Egypt has completed restoration of the golden shrine at Medinet Habu:

    https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/118183/Golden-Shrine-of-Luxor%E2%80%99s-Habu-Temple-restored-to-its-original
    https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/08/egypt-restores-golden-shrine-ancient-temple-luxor

    A letter of Howard Carter is being used to suggest he stole Tutankamun's treasure:

    https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/aug/13/howard-carter-stole-tutankhamuns-treasure-new-evidence-suggests
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/archeologist-tutankhamun-tomb-stolen-treasure-b2144562.html

    Feature on Merneptah's destruction of Gezer:

    https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/pharaoh-merneptahs-destruction-gezer/

    Feature on the causes of Egypt's decline:

    https://www.history.com/news/decline-ancient-egypt-causes

    Feature on the relations between Egypt and the Neo Assyrian Empire:

    https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2022/08/neo-assyrian-empire-egypt

    A month-long survey of the Qalaichi site (former capital of the Mannaean Kingdom):

    https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/475610/Archaeologists-finish-survey-on-previous-capital-of-Mannaean

    More on the deciphering of Linear Elamite:

    https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-714651 https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-08-12/ty-article/.premium/mysterious-script-reveals-one-of-the-oldest-alphabets-in-the-world/00000182-8bd3-d9bc-affb-ebdf26270000
    https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-near-eastern-world/linear_elamite_deciphered/

    Remains of a major Parthian era settlement near Baghdad:

    https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/08/10/archaeologists-uncover-ancient-city-and-hundreds-of-artefacts-close-to-baghdad

    A 7800 years bp female 'fertility figurine' from Ulucak Hoyuk (Turkiye):

    https://www.dailysabah.com/life/history/7800-year-old-female-figurine-found-in-turkiyes-izmir
    https://arkeonews.net/7800-year-old-female-figurine-discovered-in-ulucak-hoyuk-in-western-turkey/

    An inscription mentioning the Phrygian capital of Gordion by name was found during excavations there:

    https://www.dailysabah.com/life/history/1st-inscription-bearing-name-gordion-unearthed-in-turkish-capital
    https://arkeonews.net/an-inscription-with-the-name-of-the-ancient-city-was-found-at-the-excavation-site-in-gordion-the-capital-of-the-phrygians/
    http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64838

    Feature on the underground city at Derinkuyu:

    https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220810-derinkuyu-turkeys-underground-city-of-20000-people

    A conference in Jordan brings coverage of W. Smith's paper on pilgrim routes in ancient Abila:

    http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/scholar-explores-pilgrim-routes-ancient-abila

    ... and Cheryl Makarwicz' research on the pre-pottery Neolithic A site at Sharara:

    http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/sharara-witnessed-hunter-gatherers%E2%80%99-transformation-early-sedentary-lifestyle-%E2%80%94-scholar

    ... and news of a manual on pottery of Jordan:

    http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/manual-pottery-jordan-launched

    More on the identification of the location of the Roman artillery attack on Jerusalem's wall:

    https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-714108 https://www.timesofisrael.com/proving-josephus-research-on-roman-ballistics-confirms-second-temple-battle-account/
    https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-08-07/ty-article-magazine/archaeologists-pinpoint-a-source-of-roman-artillery-attack-on-ancient-jerusalem/00000182-789c-d428-a1e6-fcdfaf340000
    https://www.jewishpress.com/news/jewish-news/archaeological-proof/2022/08/07/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/08/archaeologist-identifies-position-of-roman-siege-engines-used-during-attack-on-jerusalem/144375

    More on a mosaic lending weight to claims of el-Araj being the Bethsaida of Peter and company:

    https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/archaeologists-find-st-peters-birthplace-273m7cwhs
    https://www.timesofisrael.com/inscription-points-to-sea-of-galilee-site-as-st-peters-home-say-researchers/
    https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-08-10/ty-article-magazine/archaeologists-find-entreaty-to-st-peter-in-early-church-by-sea-of-galilee/00000182-8762-d8ab-a3b3-e77f7f870000

    More on the IDF 'accidentally' rediscovering a Byzantine convent:

    https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-08-01/ty-article-magazine/israeli-soldiers-accidentally-discover-byzantine-convent-while-training-again/00000182-5892-d739-afe2-5cbf730c0000

    Feature on Carolina Aznar's work with the Southern Plain of Akko Project:

    https://www.slu.edu/madrid/news/2022/archaeologist-sheds-light-on-late-bronze-age-economics.php

    Feature on Judean desert life in the Chalcolithic era:

    https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-08-12/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/archaeologists-get-close-and-personal-with-a-man-who-lived-6-000-years-ago/00000182-92d6-d551-a7b3-f7fe08d30000

    Feature on the origins of the Philistines:

    https://www.archaeology.org/issues/473-2207/features/10600-levant-philistine-origins

    Feature on renewed excavations at a Byzantine church associated with the biblical Hannah:

    https://aleteia.org/2022/08/09/byzantine-nunnery-dedicated-to-the-biblical-hannah-is-accidentally-rediscovered-in-israel/
    https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/biblical_hannah_horvat_hani/

    OpEddish sort of thing about 'destruction' of Jewish heritage sites:

    https://www.israelhayom.com/2022/08/09/jewish-heritage-sites-are-being-destroyed-and-the-state-couldnt-care-less/

    ... which seems related to Palestinian plans for a national park at Tel Orma (which includes a Hasmonean fortress site):

    https://www.israelhayom.com/2022/08/03/palestinians-announce-plans-to-build-park-on-ancient-jewish-site/

    Another OpEd on 'occupation archaeology':

    https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/editorial/2022-08-11/ty-article-opinion/occupation-archaeology/00000182-8e8c-d68b-a3e2-ff8d3bf40000

    Meanwhile, Bar-Ilan University is conducting digs in Palestinian territory at Khirbet Tibnah:

    https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-08-10/ty-article/.premium/israeli-university-holds-archaeological-dig-in-west-bank-area-claimed-to-be-palestinian/00000182-7744-d2f5-a3e6-ff5d52080000

    See also a feature on archaeology as resistance in the Gaza Strip:

    https://scoopempire.com/archaeology-as-resistance-in-the-gaza-strip/

    I think we mentioned this 8000 years bp settlement site at al-Faw (Saudi Arabia):

    https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/al-faw-saudi-arabia-prehistoric-settlement-1234636202/
    https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-arabia-settlement-2158459
    -----
    This Week in the Ancient Near East Podcast:

    https://thisweekintheancientneareast.podbean.com/

    ============================================================
    ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME (AND CLASSICS) ============================================================
    Results of a study of the 4th/3rd century BCE tumulus of Laona (Cyprus) suggests it was a 'lasting mega-monument':

    https://cyprus-mail.com/2022/08/12/laona-burial-mound-was-hiding-a-lasting-mega-monument-archaeologists-find/

    A 4th century BCE mosaic find from Arta:

    https://greekcitytimes.com/2022/08/10/4th-century-bc-mosaic-arta/

    The gate to the Temple of Zeus at Magnesia was excavated:

    https://greekreporter.com/2022/08/07/gate-to-temple-of-zeus-unearthed-in-magnesia-turkey/

    Assorted structures emerged from the Campo della Fiera site (Italian):

    https://www.ansa.it/umbria/notizie/2022/08/10/ancora-sorprese-dallarea-archeologica-campo-della-fiera_9b43ddbb-23d7-4a64-8ab6-9a3bbe8fb2cb.html

    Finds of various Roman remains (including a 'trackway') have extended a road closure in Swindon:

    https://www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk/news/20620346.wanborough-road-closure-swindon-extended-roman-remains-found/

    The 'boiler room' of the Roman baths at Metropolis were excavated:

    https://arkeonews.net/the-boiler-room-of-the-bath-in-the-ancient-city-of-metropolis-was-unearthed/

    Roman-era carved marble blocks from Prusias ad Hypium:

    https://www.dailysabah.com/life/history/romen-era-marble-blocks-found-in-turkeys-prusias-ad-hypium

    ... including a scene of Acteon being devoured by his dogs (maybe):

    http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64825

    More (2nd century?) Roman finds from Brough:

    https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/roman-riches-found-again-brough-7383872

    Plenty of 'mostly Roman stuff' from a dig at Aylsham:

    https://www.northnorfolknews.co.uk/lifestyle/heritage/aylsham-roman-project-2022-dig-9206532

    Another Roman bridge find, this time on the via Tiburtina:

    https://www.wantedinrome.com/news/roman-bridge-discovered-during-road-works-in-rome.html
    https://initalia.virgilio.it/roma-scoperto-antico-ponte-via-tiburtina-62742 https://www.archeomedia.net/roma-dai-cantieri-della-tiburtina-emergono-i-resti-di-un-ponte-di-epoca-imperiale/

    ... and another Roman-era fish processing site, this time at Lixus (Morocco):

    https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/08/350713/new-archeological-discoveries-found-on-traces-of-ancient-fish-salting-port-of-lixus

    Gladiator burials (it seems) from Anavarza (Turkiye):

    https://www.dailysabah.com/gallery/rare-gladiator-tombs-found-in-ancient-city-in-southern-turkiye/images
    https://arkeonews.net/rare-gladiator-tombs-were-discovered-in-the-ancient-city-of-anavarza-in-southern-turkiye/

    Overviewish piece after completion of 15 seasons of excavations at the Plaza de la Constitucion in Cartama (8th century BCE to Roman):

    https://www.surinenglish.com/malaga/guadalhorce-valley/archaeological-excavations-cartama-20220807102556-nt.html

    Some 4th century Roman sarcophagi have gone on display in Ashkelon:

    https://www.jewishpress.com/news/israel/gorgeous-4th-century-roman-sarcophagi-go-on-display-in-ashkelon/2022/08/11/

    A study of layered limestone deposits in Roman aqueducts:

    https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/1338472145 https://phys.org/news/2022-08-layered-limestone-deposits-unique-insight.html

    cf: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05158-2 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/books/edited-volume/2351/chapter-standard/132712358/Depositional-and-diagenetic-history-of-travertine

    Latest site revealed by receding waters is a (known) Roman military camp in Galicia (Spain):

    https://www.thelocal.es/20220812/in-pictures-drought-in-spain-intensifies-as-roman-fort-uncovered/
    https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2022/08/11/in-pics-drought-reveals-full-extent-of-roman-camp-as-reservoir-waters-recede-in-galicia-northwestern-spain/

    Feature on use of 3d technology at the excavations at Heloros (Sicily):

    https://www.usf.edu/news/2022/3d-technology-used-to-explore-an-ancient-greek-city.aspx

    Feature on restoration and other archaeological work at Sardis:

    https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/womens-touch-on-sardis-ancient-city-176033

    Latest on plans for shelters to protect some mosaics found at Paphos:

    https://cyprus-mail.com/2022/08/12/shelters-for-paphos-mosaics-a-step-closer/

    More on the 'unique' Roman villa site found at Scarborough last year being reburied:

    http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64834 https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/ancient-roman-villa-england-reburied-1234636331/
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-rebury-first-of-its-kind-roman-villa-180980535/

    More on the 'middle class' finds at the House of the Lararium in Pompeii:

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11091003/Archaeologists-discover-new-rooms-home-Pompeii-providing-glimpse-middle-class-life.html
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccahughes/2022/08/09/new-pompeii-discoveries-shed-light-on-middle-class-roman-lifestyle/
    https://www.timesofisrael.com/fresh-pompeii-discoveries-shed-light-on-the-citys-lower-classes/
    https://elpais.com/cultura/2022-08-06/salen-a-la-luz-en-pompeya-apartamentos-de-la-clase-media-repletos-de-objetos-intactos.html
    https://www.newsweek.com/new-discovery-ancient-pompeii-reveals-secrets-roman-society-1732105
    https://www.euronews.com/2022/08/07/pompeii-new-discoveries-lift-lid-on-lives-of-roman-citys-middle-class
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2022/08/07/pompeii-ancient-roman-city-excavation/10260720002/
    https://uk.news.yahoo.com/pompeii-discoveries-lift-lid-lives-155456560.html https://gizmodo.com/pompeii-house-of-lararium-1849384557 https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/pompeii-archaelogy-discovery-house-of-the-lararium-1234635963/
    http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64811 https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/08/excavation-reveals-lifestyle-of-roman-middle-class-in-pompeii/144367
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/excavations-shed-light-on-the-everyday-life-of-pompeiis-middle-class-180980558/
    http://www.archaeology.org/news/10720-220809-italy-pompeii-lararium

    More on the various finds from San Casciano dei Bagni:

    https://www.cnn.com/style/article/san-casciano-dei-bagni-thermal-baths-relics-scn/index.html
    https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/etruscan-healing-fertility-offerings-discovered-sacred-tuscany-hot-spring-1234636433/
    https://arkeonews.net/an-extraordinary-votive-treasure-was-unearthed-in-the-ancient-roman-bath-sanctuary-of-san-casciano-dei-bagni-in-italy/
    https://www.archaeology.org/news/10727-220811-italy-hot-springs

    More on 'rigged' Roman dice:

    https://phys.org/news/2022-08-early-romans-lopsided-dice.html https://www.zmescience.com/science/news-science/why-ancient-romans-used-sketchy-lopsided-dice-to-gamble-and-play-board-games/
    http://www.archaeology.org/news/10722-220809-roman-irregular-dice

    More on recent finds from the Antikythera shipwreck:

    https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-14/archaeologists-explore-mysteries-of-the-antikythera-shipwreck/101310786

    Feature on Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow's work with Roman sanitation systems:

    https://www.brandeis.edu/magazine/2022/summer/featured-stories/aoko.html

    Interview with Joel Christensen and Paul O'Mahony on Greek tragedy:

    https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/08/11/wsxk-a11.html

    Review of Sarah Derbew, *Untangling Blackness in Greek Antiquity*:

    https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/does-classics-have-a-future-on-sarah-derbews-untangling-blackness-in-greek-antiquity/

    Review of Gasparotto et al, *Rubens: Picturing Antiquity:

    https://catholicherald.co.uk/rubens-and-the-classical-world/

    Pondering whether Commodus was badly influenced by Stoicism:

    https://bigthink.com/the-past/marcus-aurelius-commodus-stoicism/

    Feature on UCincinnati's work at the Griffin Warrior tomb:

    https://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2022/08/national-geographic-highlights-ucs-archaeological-discoveries-from-ancient-greece.html

    Feature on the Antikythera Mechanism:

    https://www.livescience.com/antikythera-mechanism

    Feature on ancient gender studies:

    https://elpais.com/babelia/2022-08-13/el-legado-clasico-en-clave-de-mujer.html

    Feature on Livia Drusilla:

    https://elpais.com/babelia/2022-08-10/livia-drusila-la-mujer-mas-poderosa-de-roma-traicionada-por-20-siglos-de-misoginia.html

    Feature on the Goths, Visigoths, and Ostrogroths:

    https://www.livescience.com/45948-ancient-goths.html/

    Feature on a massacre of Druids in Anglesey which contributed to Boudicca's actions:

    https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/how-massacre-anglesey-druids-paved-24732877

    Feature on the origins of the Olympic games:

    https://neoskosmos.com/en/2022/08/09/dialogue/the-origins-of-the-olympic-games/

    Feature on the Kalash and their purported connections to Alexander:

    https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/august-september-2022/in-search-of-the-lost-greek-tribe-of-alexander-the-great/

    Feature on a 'magic sphere of Helios':

    https://greekreporter.com/2022/08/09/magic-sphere-helios-greece/

    Feature on Pythagoras:

    https://greekreporter.com/2022/08/12/pythagoras-greek-philosopher-theorem/

    Feature on Ptolemy and the astrolabe:

    https://greekreporter.com/2022/08/12/ptolemys-invention-of-the-astrolabe-measured-time-and-the-stars/

    Feature on Greeks in India:

    https://greekreporter.com/2022/08/11/ancient-greeks-india-hellenism/

    Some factoids on Roman medicine:

    https://www.history.com/news/ancient-roman-medicine-galen

    This week's installment of 'tourists behaving badly' involves an Australian zipping around Pompeii on a moped:

    https://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2022/08/11/tourist-drives-scooter-around-outside-of-pompeii_1fe26548-70a1-46f8-8f2e-c726859f775b.html
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/tourist-charged-pompeii-ride-b2144419.html
    https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/pompeii-tourist-moped/index.html https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11108367/Australian-tourist-arrested-riding-moped-ruins-Pompeii-branded-barbarian.html
    https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2022/08/new-digging-at-pompeii-reveals-how-the-middle-class-lived-in-79-ad/

    A Sunday Times survey suggests folks would like to see the Parthenon Sculptures returned:

    https://greekcitytimes.com/2022/08/08/britain-sunday-times-readers-say-yes-to-the-return-of-the-parthenon-sculptures/
    https://greekreporter.com/2022/08/08/sunday-times-readers-want-parthenon-sculptures-repatriated-to-greece/
    https://www.thenationalherald.com/british-poll-shows-greece-should-get-the-parthenon-marbles-back/
    https://news.gtp.gr/2022/08/08/london-times-readers-give-parthenon-marbles-back-to-greece/

    OpEddish things on changing opinions about the Parthenon Sculptures:

    https://greekcitytimes.com/2022/08/13/parthenon-sculptures-times-changing/ https://cyprus-mail.com/2022/08/14/the-last-days-of-the-elgin-marbles/

    ... and an opinion piece with a paywall in the way:

    https://www.nationalreview.com/2022/08/is-the-british-museum-losing-its-elgin-marbles-by-choice/

    ... and one suggesting the sculptures should be kept:

    https://www.politicshome.com/thehouse/article/history-elgin-marbles-british-values-museum-greece

    The 'crux' of the issue for the Greeks is the 1963 Museum Act:

    https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1066/reader/reader.html?#!preferred/0/package/1066/pub/1066/page/41/article/NaN

    More on the 'replica' suggestion:

    https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/adding-femicide-to-the-criminal-code-the-nfl-s-sexual-assault-problem-returning-the-elgin-marbles-and-more-1.6541528/greece-wants-its-marbles-back-from-the-british-museum-and-this-digital-archeologist-has-a-solution-1.6541530
    https://news.artnet.com/art-world/parthenon-marbles-3-printed-2157443

    Latest Pasts Imperfect newsletter:

    https://pastsimperfect.substack.com/p/pasts-imperfect-81122

    -----
    Roman Archaeology Blog:

    http://romanarc.blogspot.com/

    Rogueclassicism:

    http://rogueclassicism.com/ ============================================================
    EUROPE AND THE UK (+ Ireland) ============================================================
    Evidence of a prehistoric hunters' presence in Huciva Cave (Slovakia):

    https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/08/traces-of-prehistoric-hunters-found-in-slovakian-cave/144419

    A Tiszapolgar culture burial with plenty of gold rings from Romania:

    https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/08/researchers-find-prehistoric-grave-containing-169-gold-rings/144425

    Evidence that prehistoric Britons used rock crystals to mark burial sites:

    https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/prehistoric-brits-used-rare-rock-crystals/
    https://phys.org/news/2022-08-prehistoric-brits-rare-crystals-burial.html http://www.archaeology.org/news/10730-220812-neolithic-rock-crystal

    cf: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/not-all-that-glitters-is-gold-rock-crystal-in-the-early-british-neolithic-at-dorstone-hill-herefordshire-and-the-wider-british-and-irish-context/
    178B889C1F0443CA2C02ECA6D8BE34DE

    Road construction in Hungary has revealed some Bronze Age finds:

    https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/118189/Archaeological-treasures-dating-back-to-Bronze-Age-discovered-in-cemetery

    A 2000 years bp dog skull from Long Melford:

    https://www.eadt.co.uk/lifestyle/heritage/long-melford-sudbury-2000-year-old-skull-found-9208452

    Overviewish piece on recent finds relating to medieval Phanagoria:

    https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-08-09/ty-article/medieval-coin-stashes-by-the-black-sea-hint-at-prosperity-between-invasions/00000182-829b-dfe7-adef-d6dbd3fe0000

    10th/11th century pearl jewellery from the Antikva site in Iceland:

    https://www.archaeology.org/news/10723-220810-iceland-medieval-artifacts https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/08/archaeologists-uncover-pearls-and-decorated-beads-in-norse-settlement/144413
    https://www.archaeology.org/news/10723-220810-iceland-medieval-artifacts

    A tunnel and crypts found (last Fall) beneath a 13th century Knights Templar chapel:

    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/crypts-discovered-underneath-polish-knights-templar-chapel-180975827/

    Well-preserved remains of a 15th century (maybe) kitchen from a town in the Czech Republic:

    https://english.radio.cz/uniquely-preserved-medieval-kitchen-unearthed-north-moravia-8758128
    https://www.praguemorning.cz/600-year-old-kitchen-discovered-in-the-czech-republic/
    http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64846 http://www.archaeology.org/news/10724-220810-czech-medieval-kitchen

    The search for a 16th century Saline church revealed some walls and medieval pottery:

    https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/20616803.west-fife-saline-dig-volunteers-uncover-church-walls-medieval-pottery/

    Remains of a 'clinker-built' wooden ship (date to be determined) from a site in Oslo:

    https://norwaytoday.info/culture/archaeologists-discover-remains-of-rare-and-old-ship-in-oslo/

    A 17th century coin and assorted other finds from a dig at Sivy Kamen castle (Slovakia):

    https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22979429/archaeology-dig-unearths-secrets-of-sivy-kamen-castle.html
    https://www.archaeology.org/news/10731-220812-slovakia-habsburg-ruin

    I think we mentioned this 400 years bp Hanseatic League-associated shipwreck from the Trave River in Germany:

    https://www.livescience.com/cargo-shipwreck-germany-river http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64876

    High hopes after GPR use on some sites in Iceland:

    https://partner.sciencenorway.no/archaeology-geological-mapping-iceland/promising-results-with-ground-penetrating-radar-in-iceland/2060715

    Finds from various periods (Neolithic to WWII) from an ongoing dig near Sabden:

    https://www.burnleyexpress.net/heritage-and-retro/retro/neolithic-flint-blade-and-home-guard-bullets-among-finds-unearthed-on-archaeology-dig-in-ribble-valley-3797054

    After a successful fundraising campaign, the Herefordshire Hoard will return to the county:

    https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hereford-worcester-62482415

    More on human remains from the site of the Batlle of Waterloo:

    https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/08/were-bones-of-waterloo-soldiers-sold-as-fertilizer-its-not-yet-case-closed/

    Opeddish thing on the threat to heritage sites in the UK from metal detectorists:

    https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1066/reader/reader.html?#!preferred/0/package/1066/pub/1066/page/37/article/NaN

    Feature on the Argaric culture of the Iberian peninsula:

    https://elpais.com/cultura/2022-08-09/el-argar-el-gran-enigma-de-la-civilizacion-que-se-desvanecio-misteriosamente.html
    ----------
    Archaeology in Europe News:

    http://archaeology-in-europe.blogspot.com/

    Medievalists.net:

    https://www.medievalists.net/category/news/

    Viking Archaeology Blog:

    http://viking-archaeology-blog.blogspot.com/

    ============================================================
    ASIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC ============================================================
    A possible depiction of a king at the 4200 years bp Shimao site in Shaanxi:

    https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3188152/scientists-find-what-could-be-face-king-ancient-pyramid-china
    https://arkeonews.net/archaeologists-unearth-a-portrait-of-a-king-carved-into-stone-in-a-4300-year-old-chinese-pyramid/

    Researchers have identified the 'formula' for making bronze in mid-first millennium BCE China:

    https://phys.org/news/2022-08-decipher-ancient-chemistry-formulas.html https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/10/metal-making-recipes-ancient-chinese-text-kaogong-ji
    https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-08-11/ty-article/researchers-crack-mystery-of-chinese-bronze-formula/00000182-892c-d659-abdf-b97da9560000
    https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/08/secret-to-ancient-chinese-chemistry-formulae-deciphered/144399
    https://www.inverse.com/innovation/china-metal-formula-secret https://www.zmescience.com/science/researchers-decipher-mystery-ingredients-in-ancient-recipes-for-bronze-objects-10082022/
    https://www.newscientist.com/article/2332880-secrets-of-an-ancient-chinese-recipe-for-bronze-finally-deciphered/
    https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02130-y https://www.science.org/content/article/researchers-decipher-mysterious-ancient-recipe-bronze

    cf: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/six-recipes-of-zhou-a-new-perspective-on-jin-and-xi/4201C4F138E4826C62545723726F90C3

    A half dozen Eastern Han Dynasty burials from Xi'an:

    https://english.news.cn/20220812/8bd14d99c9474ab5a3507c42f642b0fc/c.html

    Feature on 'fairies' from the Sanxingdui site:

    https://www.discovery.com/science/faeries-worshipped-discovery

    'Paleolithic' stone tools from caves in Rayagada:

    https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2022/aug/10/paleolithic-age-tools-found-from-two-caves-in-rayagada-2486044.html

    39 copper points dating to 3800 years bp from a site in Uttar Pradesh (not sure about that date):

    https://hindupost.in/history/39-ancient-weapons-unearthed-in-mainpuri-up/

    A burial urn from Tamil Nadu (1000-600 BCE) included a folded gold diadem and other items:

    https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-golden-civilisation-beckons-from-underground-at-adichanallur/article65765364.ece
    https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/aug/09/asi-unearths-golden-diadem-inside-ancient-burial-urn-in-adichanallur-2485620.html
    http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64860 https://arkeonews.net/folded-gold-diadem-discovered-in-ancient-burial-urn-in-southern-india/
    http://www.archaeology.org/news/10726-220811-india-gold-jewelry

    An ongoing dig at Barakiramapandiyapuram village revealed (inter alia) some gold ornaments (Date?):

    https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/aug/12/archaeologists-strike-gold-in-thoothukudi-village-2486678.html

    Feature on Sandalwood and its trade in Asia:

    https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/3187057/sandalwood-its-history-medicinal-uses-buddhist

    ============================================================
    AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ============================================================
    Plans to examine the wreck of the HMS Buffalo:

    https://www.nzherald.co.nz/bay-of-plenty-times/news/dive-workshop-to-explore-coromandel-shipwreck/462UXRYOV62FUBJWYYHYRLBVFQ/
    https://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/129511728/divers-to-explore-mercury-bays-vanishing-shipwreck
    ============================================================
    NORTH AMERICA
    ============================================================
    Latest find from Colonial Michilimackinac include some cufflinks/buttons:

    https://www.wxyz.com/news/sleeve-button-set-from-1780s-discovered-at-colonial-michilimackinac
    https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2022/08/12/cufflinks-found-mackinac-island-more-than-200-years-old/7575330001/
    https://www.mlive.com/news/2022/08/mackinac-archaeologists-uncover-green-glass-buttons-from-1781.html
    https://www.kansascity.com/news/nation-world/national/article264461156.html https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/michigan/2022/08/11/archaeological-dig-at-colonial-michilimackinac-turns-up-cuff-links-from-1781/
    https://www.9and10news.com/2022/08/10/archaeologists-uncover-sleeve-buttons-in-excavation-at-colonial-michilimackinac/
    https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article264461156.html http://www.archaeology.org/news/10728-220811-michigan-colonial-buttons

    Human remains found near a Nashville Civil War fort:

    https://apnews.com/article/race-and-ethnicity-nashville-neighborhoods-b40fa51aa4ab12b5da43dd51a043f6fb
    https://www.columbian.com/news/2022/aug/13/developer-finds-old-human-remains-near-nashville-civil-war-fort/

    A 19th century anchor find at Flagler Beach (Florida):

    https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/history/anchor-1800s-uncovered-on-flagler-beach/77-b2ce4c79-8585-439e-aeed-eab91e49dc80

    An archaeological assessment is expected at the Anderson Farm Museum property in Lively (Ontario):

    https://www.northernontariobusiness.com/industry-news/design-build/uncovered-artifacts-trigger-archaeological-dig-outside-sudbury-5672524
    https://www.sudbury.com/local-news/uncovered-artifacts-trigger-archaeological-dig-in-lively-5669999

    Concerns for the wreck of the Endeavour (off Rhode Island):

    https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/aug/14/shipwreck-of-captain-cooks-endeavour-being-eaten-by-termites-of-the-ocean-expert-says

    More on 12000 years bp footprints in the Utah desert:

    https://phys.org/news/2022-08-ice-age-footprints-north-america-early.html https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ice-age-footprints-found-utah-hill-air-force-base/ https://hyperallergic.com/753055/12000-year-old-human-footprints-found-in-utah-desert/
    https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/08/13/like-polaroid-developed-ancient/

    ... and other 'ghost' footprints (and implications for humans in North America

    https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/mammoth-bones-ghost-footprints-add-heated-debate-first-humans-north-am-rcna40238

    ... and the mammoths mentioned in the previous item too:

    https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/08/new-mexico-mammoths-among-best-evidence-for-early-humans-in-north-america/144343

    More on the burial of 13 possible Hessian soldiers at Red Bank Battlefield Park:

    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/08/science/archaeology-red-bank-battle-hessian.html
    https://news.yahoo.com/mass-grave-german-mercenaries-fought-173137467.html https://www.stripes.com/history/2022-08-07/new-jersey-revolutionary-war-mass-grave-6908206.html

    Feature on UPenn's dig at the Pumpkin Lake site (pre-Colonial Native American mound site) in Mississippi:

    https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article264263696.html
    https://www.centredaily.com/news/state/pennsylvania/article264263696.html

    [continued in next message]

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Garry Denke@21:1/5 to All on Mon Aug 15 12:13:16 2022
    https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-Tabernacle-of-G-D-still-under-Hele-Stone https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-Tabernacle-of-G-D-still-under-Hele-Stone https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-Tabernacle-of-G-D-still-under-Hele-Stone

    [Return] [Catalog] [Bottom]4 / 0 / 3 / 1 [Update] [Auto]
    File: Hele Stone Tetramorph.jpg (170 KB, 1000x1302)
    170 KB
    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)09:01:19 No.13802608▶>>13802979 >>13803249
    Warum ist das Tabernakel von G-D immer noch unter Hele Stone?

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)10:03:38 No.13802979▶>>13803238
    13802608 (OP)
    Halt die Schnauze

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)10:57:27 No.13803238▶
    13802979
    Die Königin sagte, es liege daran, dass „Großbritannien jetzt ein atheistisches Land ist und unser Volk es so belassen will“.

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)11:00:10 No.13803249▶
    13802608 (OP)
    I dont speak arabic or somali

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)11:05:47 No.13803273▶
    OMG! this is 4chan, a Japanese site. Sorry y'all.
    [Post a Reply][Return] [Catalog] [Top] 4 / 0 / 3 / 1[Update] [Auto]

    http://boards.4channel.org/his/thread/13802608 https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/13802608 http://archived.moe/his/thread/13802608

    G-D

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From YHWH Allah@21:1/5 to Garry Denke on Tue Sep 6 03:47:40 2022
    On Monday, August 15, 2022 at 2:13:18 PM UTC-5, Garry Denke wrote:
    https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-Tabernacle-of-G-D-still-under-Hele-Stone https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-Tabernacle-of-G-D-still-under-Hele-Stone https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-Tabernacle-of-G-D-still-under-Hele-Stone

    [Return] [Catalog] [Bottom]4 / 0 / 3 / 1 [Update] [Auto]
    File: Hele Stone Tetramorph.jpg (170 KB, 1000x1302)
    170 KB
    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)09:01:19 No.13802608▶>>13802979 >>13803249
    Warum ist das Tabernakel von G-D immer noch unter Hele Stone?

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)10:03:38 No.13802979▶>>13803238
    13802608 (OP)
    Halt die Schnauze

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)10:57:27 No.13803238▶
    13802979
    Die Königin sagte, es liege daran, dass „Großbritannien jetzt ein atheistisches Land ist und unser Volk es so belassen will“.

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)11:00:10 No.13803249▶
    13802608 (OP)
    I dont speak arabic or somali

    Anonymous 08/15/22(Mon)11:05:47 No.13803273▶
    OMG! this is 4chan, a Japanese site. Sorry y'all.
    [Post a Reply][Return] [Catalog] [Top] 4 / 0 / 3 / 1[Update] [Auto]

    http://boards.4channel.org/his/thread/13802608 https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/13802608 http://archived.moe/his/thread/13802608

    G-D

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:YHWH_Allah_(LORD_God)/sandbox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:YHWH_Allah_(LORD_God)/sandbox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:YHWH_Allah_(LORD_God)/sandbox

    Any digs missing?

    --
    COMPLETE HISTORY OF STONEHENGE EXCAVATIONS

    1611. King James VI and I investigated Stonehenge to see "The stone which the builders refused", "The stone which the builders reiected", and "the stone which the builders disallowed". King James Version: 1611

    1616. Doctor William Harvey, Gilbert North, and Inigo Jones find horns of stags and oxen, coals, charcoals, batter-dashers, heads of arrows, pieces of rusted armour, rotten bones, thuribulum (censer) pottery, and a large nail. Long, William, 1876,
    Stonehenge and its Barrows. The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, Volume 16

    1620. George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, dug a large hole in the ground at the center of Stonehenge looking for buried treasure. (Diary)

    1633-52. Inigo Jones conducted the first 'scientific' surveys of Stonehenge. Jones, I, and Webb, J, 1655, The most notable antiquity of Great Britain vulgarly called Stone-Heng on Salisbury plain. London: J Flesher for D Pakeman and L Chapman

    1640. Sir Lawrence Washington, knight, owner of Stonehenge, fished around Bear's Stone (named after Washington's hound dog). Bear's Stone profile portrait a local 17th century attraction. (G-Diary) The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History
    Magazine, Volumes 15-16

    1652. Reverend Lawrence Washington, heir of Stonehenge, commissions Doctor Garry Denke to dig below Bear's Stone, reveals lion, calf (ox), face as a man, flying eagle, bear (dog), leopard, and hidden relics. Bear's Stone (96) renamed Hele 'to conceal,
    cover, hide'. (G-Diary)

    1653-6. Doctor Garry Denke auger cored below Hele Stone 'The stone which the builders rejected' on various occasions. Gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, bone, concrete discovered at 1-1/3 'yardsticks' (under flying eagle). Elizabeth Washington, heir of
    Stonehenge. Denke, G, 1699, G-Diary (German to English by Erodelphian Literary Society of Sigma Chi Fraternity). GDG, 1-666

    1666. John Aubrey surveyed Stonehenge and made a 'Review'. Described the Avenue's prehistoric pits. (the 'Aubrey Holes' discovered by Hawley, not Aubrey). Aubrey, J, 1693 (edited by J Fowles 1982), Monumenta Britannica. Sherborne, Dorset: Dorset
    Publishing Co

    1716. Thomas Hayward, owner of Stonehenge, dug heads of oxen and other beasts. (Diary)

    1721-4. William Stukeley surveyed and excavated Stonehenge and its field monuments. Surveyed the Avenue in 1721 extending beyond Stonehenge Bottom to King Barrow Ridge. Surveyed the Cursus in 1723 and excavated. Stukeley, W, 1740, Stonehenge: a temple
    restor'd to the British druids. London: W Innys and R Manby

    1757. Benjamin Franklin observes the Hele Stone (96) "Seven Heads": lion, calf (ox), face as a man, flying eagle, bear (dog), leopard, and sardine; "Ten Horns": Altar of Burnt Offering (4 horns), Altar of Incense (4 horns), and Torah scroll (2 horns);
    and all of the other 'hidden' relics buried there. (Diary)

    1798. Sir Richard Hoare and William Cunnington dug at Stonehenge under the fallen Slaughter Stone 95 and under fallen Stones 56 and 57. The Ancient History of Wiltshire, Volume 1, 1812

    1805-10. William Cunnington dug at Stonehenge on various occasions. Cunnington, W, 1884, Guide to the stones of Stonehenge. Devizes: Bull Printer

    1839. Captain Beamish excavated within Stonehenge. (Diary)

    1874-7. Professor Flinders Petrie produced a plan of Stonehenge and numbered the stones. Petrie, W M F, 1880, Stonehenge: plans, description, and theories. London: Edward Stanford

    1877. Charles Darwin digs at Stonehenge to study 'Sinking of great Stones through the Action of Worms'. Darwin, Charles, 1881, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms, with Observations on Their Habits. London: John Murray

    1886. Kaiser Wilhelm Society founder 33° mason Friedrich Wilhelm Denke confirmed with his auger drilled core samples (under bear, leopard and calf) Gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, bone and concrete 4 feet (1.2 meter) beneath Stonehenge Hele Stone base.
    (FW-Diary)

    1901. Professor William Gowland meticulously recorded and excavated around stone number 56 at Stonehenge. Gowland, W, 1902, Recent excavations at Stonehenge. Archaeologia, 58, 37-82

    1919-26. Colonel William Hawley extensively excavated in advance of restoration programmes at Stonehenge for the Office of Works and later for the Society of Antiquaries. Hawley excavated ditch sections of the Avenue, conducted an investigation of the
    Slaughter Stone and other stones at Stonehenge, and discovered the 'Aubrey Holes' (misnamed) through excavation. Hawley, W, 1921, Stonehenge: interim report on the exploration. Antiquaries Journal, 1, 19-41 Hawley, W, 1922, Second report on the
    excavations at Stonehenge. Antiquaries Journal, 2, 36-52 Hawley, W, 1923, Third report on the excavations at Stonehenge. Antiquaries Journal, 3, 13-20 Hawley, W, 1924, Fourth report on the excavations at Stonehenge, 1922. Antiquaries Journal, 4, 30-39
    Hawley, W, 1925, Report on the excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1923. Antiquaries Journal, 5, 21-50 Hawley, W, 1926, Report on the excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1924. Antiquaries Journal, 6, 1-25 Hawley, W, 1928, Report on
    the excavations at Stonehenge during 1925 and 1926. Antiquaries Journal, 8, 149-76 (Diary) Pitts, M, Bayliss, A, McKinley, J, Boylston, A, Budd, P, Evans, J, Chenery, C, Reynolds, A, and Semple, S, 2002, An Anglo-Saxon decapitation and burial at
    Stonehenge. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 95, 131-46

    1929. Robert Newall excavated Stone 36. Newall, R S, 1929, Stonehenge. Antiquity, 3, 75-88 Newall, R S, 1929, Stonehenge, the recent excavations. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 44, 348-59

    1935. Young, W E V, The Stonehenge car park excavation. (Diary)

    1942. Company 'C', 63rd Signal Battalion, U.S. Army Signal Corps, WWII confirmed Tabernacle of G-D beneath Heel Stone in 1942 whilst at Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, U.K., on All Hallows' Eve of '42, before Shipping-out to Operation Torch invasion at Algiers (
    Eastern) in the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations, during WWII. On the 31st day October of '42 (a Saturday) it was G-D of "C" Company, the 63rd Signal Battalion, caught Witching, and Core drilling; Gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, bone, Bluestone
    concrete (volcanic ash and tuff) at 3 to 4 'yardsticks' from GL beneath Slick-side Heel Stone (the Northeast face), and Bluestone sandstone ("micaceous stump") at 4 'yardsticks' from GL underneath Hele Stone; the Sun of righteousness Helios Stone. (see
    redacted "Top Secret" Arrest Report expunged '42)

    1950. Robert Newall excavated Stone 66. Newall, R S, 1952, Stonehenge stone no. 66. Antiquaries Journal, 32, 65-7

    1952. Robert Newall excavated Stones 71 and 72. (Diary)

    1950-64. A major campaign of excavations by Richard Atkinson, Stuart Piggott, and Marcus Stone involving the re-excavation of some of Hawley’s trenches as well as previously undisturbed areas within Stonehenge. Atkinson, R J C, Piggott, S, and Stone, J
    F S, 1952, The excavations of two additional holes at Stonehenge, and new evidence for the date of the monument. Antiquaries Journal, 32, 14-20 Atkinson, R J C, 1956, Stonehenge. London. Penguin Books in association with Hamish Hamilton. (second revised
    edition 1979: Penguin Books)

    1966. Faith and Lance Vatcher excavated 3 Mesolithic Stonehenge postholes. Vatcher, F de M and Vatcher, H L, 1973, Excavation of three postholes in Stonehenge car park. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 68, 57-63

    1968. Faith and Lance Vatcher dug geophone and floodlight cable trenches. (Diary)

    1974. Garry Denke and Ralph Ferdinand set out to confirm Sir Lawrence Washington, knight and Reverend Lawrence Washington's revelation (G-Diary). Auger cores 1.2m (4ft) below Heel Stone 96 (under face as a man). Gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, bone,
    concrete confirmed. No coal in cores. Stonehenge Free Festival. Denke, G W, 1974, Stonehenge Phase I: An Open-pit Coalfield Model; The First Geologic Mining School (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). GDG, 74, 1-56

    1978. John Evans re-excavated a 1954 cutting through the Stonehenge ditch and bank to take samples for snail analysis and radiocarbon dating. A well-preserved human burial lay within the ditch fill. Three fine flint arrowheads were found amongst the
    bones, with a fourth embedded in the sternum. Atkinson, R J C and Evans, J G, 1978, Recent excavations at Stonehenge. Antiquity, 52, 235-6 Evans, J G, 1984, Stonehenge: the environment in the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age, and a Beaker burial.
    Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 78, 7-30 (Diary) Alexander Thorn and Richard Atkinson. NE side of Station Stone 94. (Diary)

    1979-80. George Smith excavated in the Stonehenge car park on behalf of the Central Excavation Unit. Smith, G, 1980, Excavations in Stonehenge car park. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 74/75 (1979-80), 181 (Diary) Mike Pitts
    excavated along south side of A344 in advance of cable-laying and pipe-trenching. In 1979, discovered the Heel Stone 97 original pit (96 original Altar Stone pit). Survey along the Avenue course identified more pits. In 1980, excavated beside the A344
    and discovered a stone floor (a complete prehistoric artifact assemblage retained from the monument). Pitts, M W, 1982, On the road to Stonehenge: Report on investigations beside the A344 in 1968, 1979, and 1980. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society,
    48, 75-132

    1981. The Central Excavation Unit excavated in advance of the construction of the footpath through Stonehenge. Bond, D, 1983, An excavation at Stonehenge, 1981. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 77, 39-43.

    1984. Garry Denke (and Hells Angels) seismic survey. Auger cores 1.2m (4ft) below Heel Stone 96 (under lion head). Gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, bone, concrete reconfirmed. No coal in cores. Stonehenge Free Festival. Denke, G, 1984, Magnetic and
    Electromagnetic Surveys at Heelstone, Stonehenge, United Kingdom (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). GDG, 84, 1-42

    1990-6. A series of assessments and field evaluations in advance of the Stonehenge Conservation and Management Programme. Darvill, T C, 1997, Stonehenge Conservation and Management Programme: a summary of archaeological assessments and field evaluations
    undertaken 1990-1996. London: English Heritage

    1994. Wessex Archaeology. Limited Auger Survey. Cleal, R M J, Walker, K E, and Montague, R, 1995, Stonehenge and its landscape: twentieth-century excavations (English Heritage Archaeological Report 10). London: English Heritage.

    2008. Timothy Darvill and Geoffrey Wainwright set out to date the construction of the Double Bluestone Circle at Stonehenge and to chart the history of the Bluestones, and their use. Darvill, T, and Wainwright, G, 2008, Stonehenge excavations 2008. The
    Antiquaries Journal, Volume 89, September 2009, 1-19 (Diary) Mike Parker Pearson, Julian Richards, and Mike Pitts further the excavation of 'Aubrey Hole' 7 discovered by William Hawley, 1920. Willis, C, Marshall, P, McKinley, J, Pitts, M, Pollard, J,
    Richards, C, Richards, J, Thomas, J, Waldron, T, Welham, K, and Parker Pearson, M, 2016, The dead of Stonehenge. Antiquity, Volume 90, Issue 350, April 2016, 337-356

    2012-3. Stonehenge A344 road excavated and removed. (Diary)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:YHWH_Allah_(LORD_God)/sandbox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:YHWH_Allah_(LORD_God)/sandbox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:YHWH_Allah_(LORD_God)/sandbox

    Any digs missing?

    --
    HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF CONCRETE

    9600 BC Gobekli Tepe terrazzo floors (enclosure B layer III) and rectangular buildings of layer II. Mesolithic to Neolithic type of concrete in Anatolia (western Asia), constructed of burnt lime and clay, with aggregate.

    6500 BC Nabataean geopolymer type of Stone age concrete in Syria, permanent heating and cooking fire pits. Primitive form of calcining on exterior faces of limestone rocks lining the fire pits.

    5600 BC The earliest concrete yet discovered in Europe was developed along the Danube River in Yugoslavia. Stone age hunters or fishermen mixed red lime, sand, gravel and water.

    4400 BC Stonehenge builders mixed Ancient concrete, pulverized Bluestone volcanic ash and tuff (Pozzolan) together with crushed in situ Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) lime.

    3000 BC Chinese used cementitious materials to hold bamboo together in their boats and in the Great Wall. The Chinese used concrete in Gansu Province in northwest China.

    2500 BC Egyptians mixed mud with straw to bind dried bricks. Also furthered the discovery of lime and gypsum mortar as a binding agent for building the Pyramids.

    800 BC Babylonians and Assyrians used a bitumen to bind stone and bricks. This allowed them to combine both large and small stone objects together.

    601 BC Stonehenge Altar of Burnt Offering (containing 7 gold relics) Topfill, 0.4 metre of pulverized Bluestone (volcanic ash and tuff) aggregate and lime, 3.7 metre Southeast of Heel Stone (under Anatolia's olivine-rich Altar Stone base).

    600 BC Greeks discovered a natural Pozzolan on Santorini Island that developed hydraulic properties when mixed with lime. This made it possible to produce concrete that would harden under water, as well as in the air.

    400 BC Petra (Greek, "city of rock"), also known as Sila, ancient city of Arabia (now southwestern Jordan). The stronghold and treasure city of the Nabataeans, an Arab people.

    300 BC Romans used slaked lime and volcanic ash (Pozzolan), found near Pozzouli, Italy by the bay of Naples. Pliny the Elder reported a mortar mixture of 1 part lime to 4 parts sand. Vitruvius reported 2 parts of Pozzolan to 1 part lime.

    193 BC Porticus Aemilia made of bound stones to form concrete.

    75 BC Romans use a pozzolanic, hydraulic cement to build the theater at Pompeii and the Roman baths. The cement was a ground mix of lime and a volcanic ash containing silica and alumina.

    44 BC Palatine Hill (Latin: Palatium), the centermost of the 7 hills of Rome, one of the most ancient parts of the city of Rome, Italy. It is some 70 metre high.

    25 BC Ancient harbor at Caesarea, Israel built by Herod the Great.

    AD 24 Stonehenge Altar of Burnt Offering (containing 7 gold relics) Backfill, 1.6 metre of pulverized Bluestone (volcanic ash and tuff) aggregate and lime, 1.2 to 2.8 metre below Heel Stone base. Eastern bottom of Scroll Trench.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
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